摘要：羞恥產生于暴露.在羞恥結構中,三個要素缺一不可,即自我意識,不足、缺陷、錯誤的暴露,他人的注視.羞恥是一種本能性的情感,本身不是德性,但卻有勝于德性之處.羞恥與教育密切相關,羞恥是教育的一種動力,教育也是克服羞恥的一種方式.在羞恥情感的培育上,教育有諸多不可為之處,包括借羞恥之名行羞辱之實、因行廢人、過度暴露于丑惡之中、做可恥之事等;教育也有諸多可為之處,包括以何為恥的引導、羞恥反應方式的指導、想象力的培養、重要他人的樹立、以羞恥作為教育的武器等.%Shame comes from exposure. There are three indispensable elements in the structure of shame, namely self-consciousness, the exposure of inadequacy, deficiency and errors, and attention from others. Shame is an instinctive emotion, which is not moral but has advantages over morality. Shame is closely related to education. Shame is a motivation for education. Education is also a way to overcome shame. In the cultivation of shame emotions, there are many things that cannot be done for educators, for example, never humiliating a person in the name of shame education, never denying a person by small specific mistakes, never giving a person excessive exposure to ugliness, and never doing something disgraceful. However, educators have many things to do, such as to guide people to understand what shame is, to teach the ways of dealing with shame, to cultivate imagination, to find a role model, and to use shame as a weapon of education.
