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運籌與管理

運籌與管理

北大核心

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CSSCI

Operations Research and Management Science
運籌學是一門獨立的新興學科，它和自然科學、技術科學、社會科學都有密切的聯系，具有很強的應用性。本刊是由中國運籌學會主辦、合肥工業大學承辦的學術性期刊。宗旨是交流運籌學與管理科學工作者的研究成果，推進運籌學在經濟計劃、投資決策、風險分析、企業管理、生產控制、結構優化、信息技術及軍事領域的應用。主要刊登運籌學、運籌數學、管理科學方面的學術研究成果及在國民經濟各部門中創造性地解決實際問題行之有效的方法與經驗。
  • 發文量：4342
  • 被引量：1759
  • H指數：5
  • 開始收錄時間：1992(1)
  • CNKI綜合因子：0.906
  • 維普期刊影響因子： 1.34
  • 萬方期刊影響因子：0.72
  • 創刊時間：1992
  • 國內刊號/CN：34-1133/G3
    國際刊號/ISSN：1007-3221
  • 發行周期：雙月刊
    郵發代號：26-191
  • 主管單位：中國科學技術協會
    主辦單位：中國運籌學會
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運籌與管理 >2023年第4期

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  • 摘要：In this paper , quality control mechanism is studied in a supply chain that consists of one supplier and one manufacturer .We discuss the choice of governance mechanism to improve product quality and coordinate the supply chain , when the manufacturer and supplier make concerted efforts to improve the quality .Quality control decision is analyzed in three different scenarios which include cooperation , formal contract governance and rela-tionship contract governance .Considering the scenario of cooperation as a benchmark , we compare the effect of two governance mechanisms on supply chain performance .It shows that the combining governance mechanism of relationship and contract governance can get better effect of coordination due to higher effort of quality control .%本文考慮制造商和供應商共同努力改進產品質量的情況，研究在一個制造商處于領導地位的二級供應鏈中，如何通過有效的治理機制設計，提高產品質量水平，協調供應鏈。文章以理想的協同情況為基準，分析了兩種治理機制下的質量努力程度，比較了正式契約治理與契約和關系混合治理對供應鏈效率的影響。結果表明，關系和契約混合治理在有效范圍內能夠將制造商和供應商緊密地聯系起來，通過共同的質量努力獲得比正式契約治理下更大的利潤，實現供應鏈協調。
  • 摘要：研究了在專利完善市場受專利保護的原制造商面對再制造商競爭所采取得兩種策略：無許可再制造與許可再制造。在再制造成本差異及消費者異質的情況下，分別建立了無回收數量限制的單周期模型和受回收數量限制的兩周期模型，利用博弈理論求解原制造商和再制造商競爭情況下的最優決策。通過比較分析和數值仿真，討論了不同參數對新產品和再制造品定價策略及雙方利潤的影響，并給出了相關結論。結果表明，原制造商傾向于采用許可再制造策略，這是在于原制造商可以通過收取專利許可費來分享再制造所帶來的收益；而對再制造商而言，只有許可再制造所帶來的節省成本足夠高時，才有意愿接受原制造商的專利技術支持。%In the patent perfect market , the original manufacturer by the patent protection can adopt two strate-gies:no license remanufacturing and license remanufacturing .Based on the remanufacturing cost difference and consumer heterogeneous , this paper establishes the single period model without recovery number limit and two period model with recovery number limit respectively .The optimal decision and equilibrium profit are given by using game theory .Through the comparative analysis and numerical simulation , the paper discusses the effect of different parameters on pricing strategy and the profit .The results show that the original manufacturer can share remanufacturing benefit through patent licensing fee in the case of license remanufacturing , so the original manu-facturer is willing to adopt the strategy of manufacturer license; only when the cost savings is high enough in license remanufacturing , the remanufacturer will receive the patent licensing of the original manufacturer .
  • 摘要：Influenced by meteorological and hydrographical factors at sea ,the objective in distress may drift apart from the initial spot .Therefore , the scheduling scheme for rescue resources has to be organized accordingly .Be-cause of the particularity of maritime peril and rescue at sea , based on the forecast for the drifting route of the ob-jective in distress , this paper aims to present a two-phase collaborative scheduling model for rescue resources a-round the objective in distress from sea and inland respectively , which includes the navigating ships nearby , coastal rescue bases and inland depots of contingent commodities , under the restrains of requirements of demand and time limit.Finally, the greedy algorithm is designed to solve the model and its validity is examined by a nu-merical example .%受復雜水文、氣象等條件影響，水上遇險目標在等待外部救援的過程中可能發生漂移，其漂移的速度與方向將直接影響到水上救助物資調度方案的制訂。針對水上事故及其救援的特殊性，在對水上遇險目標漂移路徑進行預測的基礎上，構建了滿足運力、時間限制及應急救助物資需求，包括水上遇險目標周邊船舶、岸基救助基地及其附近陸地應急物資儲備點共同參與的水陸兩階段多層級協同調度模型，并運用貪婪算法對其進行求解，最后通過算例對模型和算法的有效性進行驗證。
  • 摘要：Air traffic safety management has focused on the risk of single type of threat and error , ignoring the interaction of threats and errors .It’ s difficult to embody the correlation of different types of risk .Based on fuzzy measure , air traffic risk decision making model is proposed , where Choquet integral serves as the risk function on the coalitions formed by different types of threats and errors .On the basis of risk function , Shapley value distrib-utes the risk value to each type of threat and error .Through applying this risk decision model , we have an exam-ple to illustrate how interaction index modifies the risk value , which is more practical for air traffic operation.%以往民航空管安全管理中，大多對單一類型威脅或差錯進行評估以管理風險，忽略了威脅與差錯之間的交互作用，難以準確反映出不同類型風險之間的相關性。本文提出了基于不確定測度的空管運行風險決策模型，即將不確定積分Choquet積分作為風險函數，在由威脅和差錯構成的集合的概念下，由Shapley值作為校正函數，重新評估各個威脅和差錯的風險值。本文通過應用上述風險決策模型，結合案例得出了考慮交互作用的空管運行修正風險值，該風險值與單一風險值相比更貼近空管運行實際情況，因而對風險決策更具指導意義。
  • 摘要：現實中反需求函數可能不是單值的，而是集值的。在這種情況下，研究單主多從寡頭競爭模型。對集值反需求函數進行分析，給出跟隨寡頭的反應函數性質，證明模型Stackelberg-Cournot Nash均衡（ SCN均衡）的存在性。%In the reality, the demand function may not be a single value , but set-value.One leader-multi-follow-ers oligarchic competition model is studied .The set-value inverse demand function is analyzed , and the property of following oligarchs reaction function is given .Furthermoure , the existence of Stackelberg-Cournot Nash equi-librium(SCN)is proved.
  • 摘要：運用微分博弈方法研究了由單一生豬屠宰加工企業和單一超市構成的二級豬肉供應鏈質量行為協調機制。首先考察并比較了Nash非合作博弈、Stackelberg主從博弈以及協同合作博弈情形下屠宰加工企業和超市的最優質量行為決策，研究結果表明協同合作決策模式下，屠宰加工企業和超市的質量行為以及豬肉供應鏈總體利潤均嚴格優于在非合作決策模式下的相應值。然后導出了能夠使屠宰加工企業和超市的個體利潤達到帕累托最優，進而實現雙方質量行為協調的供應鏈總體利潤分配系數的取值范圍。%Coordination mechanism of quality behaviors in two-echelon pork supply chain composed of a slaughte-ring and processing company and a supermarket is researched by means of differential game .The slaughtering and processing company ’s and supermarket ’s optimal quality behavioral decisions in the Nash non-cooperative game, Stackelberg leader-follower game, and coordinated cooperative game are investigated respectively .And then the feedback equilibrium outcomes in the four game structure are comparatively analyzed .The results show that, the slaughtering and processing company ’s and supermarket’ s quality behaviors, the pork supply chain ’s profit in the coordinated game are superior to those in the non-cooperative game .And the value range of distribu-tion coefficient of pork supply chain ’s profit is proposed to achieve Pareto optimality of individual profits of slaughtering and processing company and supermarket , and thus coordination of quality behaviors .
  • 摘要：在現實的門診預約問題中，已經預約的患者在接收醫療服務之前，有可能取消先前的預約，這會對醫院的收益造成負面影響，如何在考慮患者存在取消預約的情形下，設計合理有效的能力分配策略來保證醫院的收益，是一個值得研究的問題。本文針對具有提前預約和當天預約的門診預約能力分配問題，在考慮提前預約患者可能存在取消預約行為的情形下，提出了一種提前預約患者和當天預約患者的最優能力分配策略。文中首先以醫院的期望收益最大作為決策目標，建立了存在取消預約患者的醫療預約問題的馬爾科夫過程模型，并給出了該模型的相關性質；基于所建立模型的特征，證明了對于任意的提前預約時段，存在提前預約患者的最佳數量，進而給出了提前預約患者和當天預約患者的最優能力分配策略以及確定該策略的精確算法；最后，通過數值試驗說明了本文所提出的能力分配策略的適用性和有效性。%In the practical outpatient appointment problems , scheduled patients may cancelltheir appointments before receiving services , which has a negative effect on clinic revenue .It’s a significant problem to explore how to design a reasonable and effective capacity allocation policy considering the cancellation of appointment .In this paper , the capacity allocation problem of outpatient appointment which includes appointments in advance and in same-day is considered .Considering the situation that patients who make appointments in advance may cancelltheir appointments , an optimal capacity allocation policy is presented to determine the capacity allocation between patients who make appointments in advance and in same-day.For maximizing the expected revenue of clinic, the Markov process model considering cancellation of appointment is firstly constructed , and the relevant property is given .Furthermore , based on the model characteristic , the existence of the optimal number of pa-tients who make appointments in advance is proved for any appointment period , and the optimal capacity alloca-tion policy and algorithm of solving the policy are given .Finally, a numerical test is given to illustrate the practi-cality and effectiveness of the proposed capacity allocation policy .
  • 摘要：This paper applies global Malmquist-Luenberger Index and SBM directional function with dynamic fac-tor to measure Energy-Economy-Environment(3E)total factor productivity and its components in China ’s 30 pro-vincial regions over the period 1998 to 2011 .Bootstrap methodology is introduced to estimate confidence intervals for technical efficiency , which provides a correction for the inherent bias in Malmquist-Luenberger DEA estima-tion.The major conclusions are as follows:3E total factor productivity increases with a low rate which dues to the complementary state of 3 E frontier catch-up and shift effects; the traditional technique progress lags dynamic effect of capital .%基于含有動態效應的全局Malmquist-Luenberger指數和方向性SBM方法，本文以中國30個省份1998～2011年的數據為樣本，研究了資本動態效應下3E全要素生產率增長趨勢，以及增長模式的省份差異，并引入Bootstrap-DEA方法計算了全要素生產率變化估計值及其置信區間，通過Bootstrap糾偏提高了測度的準確性。我們發現：（1）1998～2011年我國3E全要素生產率呈增長趨勢，但增長率卻一直維持在1％以下，其原因是3E前沿面追趕效應和移動效應呈現出的互補狀態；（2）傳統技術進步是當期投入產出質量水平的提升程度，而資本動態效應是資本跨期作用引起的前沿面移動效應，表示資本的滯后效應導致的技術進步，導致資本動態效應滯后于傳統技術進步增長率。
  • 摘要：為了更好地應對需求的不確定性，在需求實現之前，企業既可以生產成品直接滿足需求，亦可生產部分半成品，在觀察到實際需求之后短時間內迅速完成剩余生產環節以滿足需求。未加工的半成品和未售出的成品可用于滿足后續周期的需求。作為一種提高生產靈活性的手段，分階段生產的方式會產生更高的成本。企業需要在成本和靈活性之間作出權衡，優化生產決策。模型通過動態規劃的方法，研究需求不確定情況下考慮半成品庫存的多周期生產決策問題，通過分析目標函數以及最優值函數的結構性質，推導出最優的多周期生產策略為修正的目標庫存策略，并且分析了不同參數對最優策略的影響。%In order to cope with demand uncertainty , firms can produce both finished products and work-in-process products before the demand is realized , and quickly finish the rest production process for the work-in-process products if necessary after the uncertain demand is known .The unsold inventory can be used to satisfy future demand .As a means to increase production flexibility , handling work-in-process products may increase the production cost .When optimizing the production decision , firms need to make a tradeoff between cost and flexibility.Our model studies the optimal multi-period production policy with uncertain demand and work-in-process inventory under the framework of dynamic programming .By analyzing the structural property of the ob-jective functions and value functions , we find the optimal production policy is a modified base-stock policy .We also analyze the impact of different parameters on the optimal policy .
  • 摘要：The coordination problem of a two-echelon logistics service supply chain with one logistics service inte-grator and one functional logistics service providers is analyzed .The mathematical models of centralized coordina-tion.Stackelberg game coordination with wholesale mechanism , and coordination with revenue sharing mecha-nism are developed , and then the realization conditions for optimal solution under different coordination strategies are presented .By the comparison between the different models , the results show that the logistics service supply chain with revenue sharing mechanism can be coordinated because it achieves the same performance as in the centralized situation, and both parties can earn more than that from wholesale mechanism .Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the revenue sharing mechanism .%研究一個物流服務集成商和一個物流服務提供商所組成的二級物流服務供應鏈的系統協調問題。分別建立了集中控制模型、批發價格契約下的Stackelberg主從協調模型、收益共享契約下的協調模型，得到不同協調方法下的最優解所滿足的條件。通過模型間的對比，證明了收益共享契約可使得該物流服務供應鏈達到整體最優的狀態，相對于批發價格契約，實現了Pareto改進。最后，用數值試驗的方式進一步驗證了收益共享契約在協調物流服務供應鏈運作的有效性。
  • 摘要：在B2C電子商務中，user-based協同過濾算法是一種重要的推薦方法，但用戶共同評價項目數據稀疏影響了user-based協同過濾算法的應用。鑒于此，在考慮用戶消費水平的基礎上，利用關聯規則挖掘形式化描述商品間的替代相似性；利用基于時間的貝葉斯概率描述商品間的關聯關系構建商品網絡，通過社會網絡分析中的成份分析方法對商品網分析，得到面向用戶主題偏好的商品間互補性關系，進而利用這兩種商品間關系構建用戶主題偏好項目集，最后在數據極度稀疏的環境下通過F1方法和多樣性測量方法與傳統推薦算法進行對比實驗分析，實驗結果顯示提高了推薦結果的準確性與新穎性。研究用的所有數據均采集于京東商城網站。本文為緩解數據稀疏問題提出了一種新的方法，擴展了整體網分析方法在商品關系分析中的應用，含有理論與實踐雙重意義。%User-based collaborative filtering algorithm is an important method for B 2C electronic commerce to recommend commodity , but it has been limited to some extent because of the sparsity of common rations between users .In order to resolve these problems ,the paper first adopts association rule mining to formalize similarity among competitive goods based on considering consumption level , and then constructs time-based Bayesian goods relation network , based on the network the paper takes advantage of components analysis of whole network to find comple -mentary similarity of the goods and the topic preference of consumer for expanding common rating sets .At last, through comparative experiments based on F1 method and diversity method , the result shows that the accuracy and diversity have been improved significantly in sparsity environment .The data are collected from the site of JingDong Mall .In conclusion , the model provides a new way of dealing with sparsity problem , enriches examples using whole network approach in goods relationship analysis , and has the significance in theory and practice .
  • 摘要：Airport alliance is an important way for airports to reform the resource , but airport'positivity is different due to its own ability , so it is a common concern that how an airport will decide when facing alliance problem . The goal of this paper is to offer alliance decision-making suggestions for airports under the precondition that the alliance game benefits of airports are not same , and the game benefit evaluation index system is built from the as-pects of regional development , production factors , demand conditions , support industry and environmental effect.Then the airport network is abstracted as a small-world network and the airport alliance decision-making problem is studied using game dynamics on small-world Network combining with entropy topsis model , then the main factors influencing airport alliance are summarized based on the empirical study of the 25 big airports in 2010 .The results show that airport alliance is not a long-term policy for airports and the key point for develop-ment is enhancing own strength , which has a practical value .%針對空港在面臨聯盟選擇時的決策問題進行了研究，認為眾空港在博弈中的收益為不等值，從區域發展、生產要素、需求狀況、支撐產業和環境影響五方面建立空港聯盟收益的指標體系，將空港網絡抽象成小世界網絡，結合熵值Topsis和小世界網絡博弈動力學建立空港聯盟決策算法，并且運用2010年我國25大空港的實證數據進行研究。結論顯示空港聯盟只能解決空港發展的一時問題，提升自身能力才是重中之重，研究結論具有實際應用意義。
  • 摘要：服務外包是推進我國產業結構調整的重要方式。數據處理作為服務外包中基礎業務之一，對人力依賴程度很高。企業只有合理有效安排員工生產才能及時處理并以低成本交付訂單。文章以數據處理業務為研究背景，考慮訂單加工整個流程和員工技能種類，建立兩步多層復合技能人力調配分段模型。選取實地調研企業數據運用模型進行求解。結果表明了模型的有效性，對于有效提升企業接包能力，促進我國服務外包發展有重要意義。%Service outsourcing is one of the important approaches to adjust industrial structure in China .Data process, one of the basic business in service outsourcing , relies too much on the human resource .The company should arrange the staff efficiently to process and deliver orders in time .In consideration of the whole production process and the kinds of the staff skill , a twostep multi-level multiskill labor staffing and scheduling model is built.A practical example is solved by the proposed model .The result indicates the availability of the model , which can improve the vendors ’ capability in China and the significance of promoting development of the service outsourcing industry .
  • 摘要：為滿足實際生產環境對工件加工順序和工件到達時間的要求，提出了具有新特征的單機總加權拖期調度問題，其特點體現在：工件有動態到達時間，且由工件優先級關系構成的優先級圖為非連接圖且存在環的情況，對該問題建立數學規劃模型，在擴展Tang和Xuan等的基礎上，提出了結合雙向動態規劃的拉格朗日松弛算法求解該問題。在該算法的設計中，提出雙向動態規劃算法求解拉格朗日松弛問題，使得它可處理優先級圖中一個工件可能有多個緊前或緊后工件的情況，采用次梯度算法更新拉格朗日乘子，基于拉格朗日松弛問題的解設計啟發式算法構造可行解。實驗測試結果顯示，所設計的拉格朗日松弛算法能夠在較短的運行時間內得到令人滿意的近優解，為更復雜的調度問題的求解提供了思路。%In order to satisfy the demands for job processing order and arrival time in practical production environ -ment, this paper studies a single machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem with some novel features . These features are that each job has a release date and the precedence graph formed by job precedence relations is unconnected and consists of undirected loop .A mathematical programming model is then formulated .Further, Lagrangian relaxation combined with hybrid backward and forward dynamic programming is proposed to solve this problem as an extension of Tang and Xuan et al ..In this algorithm , hybrid backward and forward dynamic pro-gramming is designed to deal with the case that a job may have multiple predecessors or successors .A subgradi-ent algorithm is then used to update Lagrangian multipliers and a heuristic algorithm is presented to construct a feasible schedule based on the solutions of the Lagrangian relaxation problem .Experimental results show that this algorithm can obtain satisfactory solutions within a shorter computation time and it can provide an idea to solve more complicated scheduling problems .
  • 摘要：This paper proposes a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm called SKHPSO to solve traveling salesman problem ( TSP) by overcoming the premature convergence and low search efficiency of the standard parti -cle swarm optimization algorithm ( PSO ) .SKHPSO uses a similar Kruskal-based algorithm by which a specific means of implementation for Greedy Heuristic is given to get an initial feasible solution ,as a member of the popu-lation in the PSO , then SKHPSO carries out the heuristic search with hybrid PSO algorithm combining the local search based on Lin-Kernighan local neighbor search operation and the global search , such as cross and replace-ment operations in single individual , which is used in genetic algorithm .The instances in the standard library , TSPLIB , are tested to verify our proposed algorithm .The results have shown that SKHPSO is effective to enhance the quality and efficiency of the solution .%本文針對求解旅行商問題的標準粒子群算法所存在的早熟和低效的問題，提出一種基于 Greedy Heuristic的初始解與粒子群相結合的混合粒子群算法（ SKHPSO ）。該算法通過本文給出的類Kruskal算法作為Greedy Heuristic的具體實現手段，產生一個較優的初始可行解，作為粒子群中的一員，然后再用改進的混合粒子群算法進行啟發式搜索。 SKHPSO的局部搜索借鑒了Lin-Kernighan鄰域搜索，而全局搜索結合了遺傳算法中的交叉及置換操作。應用該算法對TSPLIB中的典型算例進行了算法測試分析，結果表明：SKHPSO可明顯提高求解的質量和效率。
  • 摘要：The construction of the extra-high voltage and large-scale renewable energy access bring huge potential risk into the smart transmission system .This paper provides a new method for the research of smart transmission system risk decision in the multiple market environment .Based on the risk evaluation index of smart transmission System, considering uncertain and fuzzy of the index attribute、weight information and the attitude of facing the risk,and combining improved interval grey number and prospect theory , we provide improved grey target risk decision model based on prospect theory .Finally, it uses the example of the smart transmission system risk decision to verify the rationality and validity of this method .%針對我國特高壓建設與大規?？稍偕茉吹慕尤霂Ыo智能輸電系統的風險，文章提出一種在市場環境下輸電系統的風險型多準則決策新方法。該方法基于已構建的智能輸電系統風險評價指標體系，考慮指標屬性與權重信息的不確定、模糊性以及決策者所持風險態度，結合改進的區間灰數與前景理論，構建了基于前景理論的改進灰靶風險決策模型，最后運用到智能輸電系統風險決策案例驗證了該方法的合理性和有效性。
  • 摘要：We use the principal-agent model obtaining the optimal franchise fee contract in distribution supply chain with an overconfident retailer and a rational manufacturer , under information symmetry and information asymmetry, which denotes the effort level can ’ t be monitored in both cases .The impact of retailer's overconfi-dence in his effort and manufacturer profits are investigated .From the comparison we find that under information asymmetry the retailer's effort level and the profits of the manufacturers are less than those under information sym-metry,and the difference is inversely proportional to the degree of the retailer ’s overconfidence.Retailer’s over-confidence can reduce the impact of information asymmetry;the manufacturer prefer to cooperate with the retailer who has higher degree of overconfidence .%在有過度自信零售商的分銷供應鏈中，利用委托代理模型分別得出了信息對稱及信息不對稱時（努力程度無法監控）的最優特許經營費契約。探究了在兩種情況下，零售商過度自信程度對其努力程度及制造商利潤的影響。從比較中得知信息不對稱下零售商的努力程度及制造商利潤都小于信息對稱下的情況，兩種差別分別與零售商的過度自信程度成反比。零售商的過度自信行為有正面的信息價值，能減少信息不對稱的影響；制造商偏愛過度自信程度較高的零售商。
  • 摘要：This research is mainly aimed at capacity distribution and distributed warehouse problem of the third party warehouse enterprise under the condition of the continuous demand .We establish a corresponding two-stage model for goods of various customers and simplify the model for the followed resolving .Then we adjust and im-prove the model in a reverse way .The research shows that , the distributed storage capacity of different goods is not only related to demand distribution itself , but also is influenced by demand distribution of other goods under the condition of limited storage capacity .And the influence will be enhanced when the limitation of the storage capacity becomes stronger .When the total storage capacity is big enough , the storage capacity distribution of the different customers ’ goods is mainly influenced by demand distribution itself .This paper puts forward dynamic a-daptive distributed storage strategy with two-stage under the condition of limited storage capacity .The result of simulation by this proposed model is reasonable .%主要研究了隨機連續需求情況下的第三方倉儲企業能力配置與分布式倉儲問題。對不同客戶貨物的倉儲能力配置與分布式倉儲問題，建立相應的兩階段數學模型，并且對該模型進行化簡求解，之后進行了模型的逆向調整與改進。研究發現，在有倉儲能力限制的情境下，不同客戶不同貨物的倉儲能力分配值不僅與本身的需求分布相關，還與其他貨物的需求分布有著比較大的關系，并且這種關系會隨著倉儲空間限制的加大而變得更加緊密。在總倉儲能力足夠大時，各不同客戶貨物的存儲能力分配主要受本身的需求分布影響。進而對倉容有限條件下的第三方倉儲提出了動態自適應分布式兩階段存儲策略。
  • 摘要：產業集群競爭力評價是一個復雜的多屬性決策問題，論文探討了整個評價環節中的指標遴選問題。通過對相關評價指標的綜合，借助于Delphi問卷獲取了指標篩選的基礎數據，并借助模糊隸屬度、差異性分析、相關性分析、信度與效度檢驗、穩定性與貼近度等技術指標得到了較為合理的評價指標體系。這一方法的提出，為評價系統中指標體系的遴選提供了一種新的思路和方法。%Competition of industrial clusters evaluation is a complex multi-attribute decision-making problem .The selection problem of evaluation indicators is studied in this paper .Through a comprehensive evaluation , the basic data for indicators are obtained by means of Delphi questionnaire .With fuzzy membership , difference analysis , correlation analysis , reliability and validity , stability and associating degree , a more reasonable evaluation index system is obtained .By the method, a new idea and method are provided for the selection of the index system in evaluation .
  • 摘要：This paper builds an experimental model that the manufacturer motivates sales efforts of retailers ’ group through sales rebate and penalty contract .Retailers are inequity aversion .We research the impact of ineq-uity aversion preference on the incentive effects .The results show that: retailers’ inequity aversion will have a negative impact on the incentive effects; the higher sales target the manufacturer sets , the greater the negative impact;once the retailer ’ s sales are less than target volume and the retailer is punished , this will lead to path dependence:the retailer makes less sales effort so to reduce the manufacturer ’s profits.The manufacturer should pay more attention to retailers ’ inequity aversion in encouraging process .%構建了制造商通過銷售回饋與懲罰契約來對具有不公平厭惡心理偏好的零售商群體的銷售努力進行激勵的計算實驗模型，研究了零售商的不公平厭惡心理偏好對激勵效果產生的影響。實驗結果表明：零售商的不公平厭惡心理會對激勵效果產生負面的影響；制造商設定的銷售目標越高，不公平厭惡心理的負面影響就越大；當某零售商的銷售量一旦低于目標銷售量而遭受懲罰時，其會導致該零售商加劇不公平感知從而降低銷售努力水平的路徑依賴，導致制造商利潤下降的主要原因是被懲罰零售商群體為其所帶來的渠道利潤降低；制造商在激勵過程中應該更加重視被懲罰者的不公平厭惡心理。
  • 摘要：為解決多代理人激勵及委托人道德風險問題，本文基于公平偏好理論，構建了三階段錦標激勵模型，通過數理推導研究委托人最大化目標下公平偏好與工資差距對代理人努力水平和拆臺行為的影響，并對不同晉升過程下代理人各階段的努力水平進行比較。結果表明，代理人的努力水平與拆臺行為同升同降，公平偏好降低代理人的努力水平和拆臺行為，而工資差距提高代理人的努力水平和拆臺行為，且無論晉升過程如何，代理人在第一階段的努力水平均大于其第三階段的努力水平。本文拓展了行為經濟學視角下基于委托代理框架的錦標賽激勵研究。%In order to solve the multi-agent incentives and the principal ’ s moral hazard problems , based on fair-ness preferences , the paper builds three-period tournament incentives model and discusses the effect of fairness preferences and wage spreads on the agent ’ s effort level and sabotage through the mathematical induction meth-od.Then the paper compares agent ’ s effort level of each stage under different promotion process .The results show that agent ’ s effort level and sabotage change in the same way , and fairness preferences of agent reduce the agent’s effort level and sabotage while wage spreads improve the agent ’s effort level and sabotage.And agent's effort level in the first period is always higher than it in the third period regardless of the promotion process .The paper expands the study of tournament incentives from the perspective of behavioral economics based on princi -pal-agent model .
  • 摘要：In manufacturing systems, demand is both price-sensitive and lead time-sensitive.Furthermore, con-sumers are heterogeneous in their sensitivities to lead time .In this paper , we investigate a manufacturing sys-tem’ s optimal pricing in monopoly environment via queue theory , in which the machine is disrupted by failures and consumers are strategic .We prove the existence of optimal price and design the solving method .We discuss the influences of manufacturing costs , repair costs per time , machine failure frequency and mean repair time on the actual purchasing scale , the optimal price and the maximum profit , respectively .Numerical studies reveal that the length of repair time imposes greater impact on maximum profit than machine failure frequency does .%在加工系統中，顧客的決策行為不僅受價格影響，同時對交貨時間敏感，而且不同的顧客對時間具有不同的敏感程度。本文采用排隊理論，研究了壟斷環境中策略顧客行為和機器故障干擾的加工系統最優定價問題，證明了最優定價的存在性，設計了最優定價的求解方法。通過數值算例，討論了實際需求比例、最優定價和最大利潤關于加工成本、單位時間維修成本、機器故障頻率和平均維修時間的變化規律。數值結果說明機器故障修復時間增加比故障頻率增加對企業利潤造成影響更大。
  • 摘要：In order to meet the high-efficiency and low-cost distribution needs of B2C e-commerce, a mathemati-cal model based on three-index vehicle flow for two-echelon location-routing problem is established .Particle swarm optimization with variable neighborhood search is put forward to solve this problem .Path relinking is used in this algorithm .Particle dynamic update is designed as some operations , such as neighborhood search of cur-rent solution , path relinking between current solution and the individual historical optimal solution , path relink-ing between the current solution and the population historical optimal solution .Based on this , variable neighbor-hood search strategies are put forward to change the neighborhood structure dynamically to expand the search space .The experimental results show that this algorithm can solve two-echelon location-routing problem effectively .%為滿足B2 C電子商務中高效率、低成本配送需求，建立了兩級定位-路徑問題的三下標車流模型，提出了一種求解該問題的變鄰域粒子群算法。該算法引入路徑重連思想，將粒子群算法中粒子動態更新設計為當前解的鄰域搜索、當前解與個體歷史最優解之間的路徑重連、當前解與種群歷史最優解之間的路徑重連；在此基礎上，提出變鄰域搜索策略，動態改變鄰域結構以拓展搜索空間。實驗結果表明，該算法能有效求解兩級定位-路徑問題。
  • 摘要：在大群體決策中，針對每一個決策者都有一個關于決策方案的模糊偏好關系的決策問題，提出了一種基于沖突的模糊偏好關系大群體決策方法。該方法首先考慮了復雜大群體的偏好差異，對決策者偏好進行聚類分析，形成不同的聚集，然后通過熵權法確定聚集的權重，集結成大群體模糊偏好關系，再對聚集內及聚集間進行沖突分析，通過一個迭代算子進行沖突消解，以達到一定沖突范圍內的群體模糊偏好關系。最后通過一個算例說明了方法的有效性。%In large group decision making , aiming at the question that every decision maker hac an alternative to fuzzy preference relation , this paper proposes a method of large group decision making based on fuzzy preference relation of group conflict .With that , the preference difference under complex large group environment should be taken into consideration , which contributes to cluster analysis on preferences of decision maker , and several dif-ferent clusters are formed .Then we develop the entropy weight method to get the relevant weight of each cluster , use the weight to aggregate the cluster preferences and get the Large group preference based on fuzzy preference relation .An iteration introduced to make conflict resolution , of which we can acquire the group alternatives fuzzy preference relation of a certain conflict level .Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed .
  • 摘要：For a kind of closed-loop supply chain composed of a manufacturer and a retailer , this paper establi-shes a discriminatory pricing decision model of closed-loop supply chain based on remanufacturing , considering the government reward and punishment restrictions for recycling of discarded products .The concentrated and de-centralized discriminatory pricing strategies are studied based on game theory method , and the profits of closed-loop supply chain member enterprises are obtained , and a revenue-sharing supply chain coordination pricing contract is presented .Then the government restriction influence on the operation of closed-loop supply chain is analyzed .The research results show that the efficiency of closed-loop supply chain based on concentrated pricing decision is higher than the efficiency based on Stackelberg game decentralized pricing decision , and the coordi-nation pricing contract can achieve the coordination of closed-loop supply chain .Furthermore , the priority condi-tion of remanufacturing on which the profit of remanufacturing process is higher than manufacturing process are analyzed .Finally , numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the models .%本文考慮政府對廢棄產品回收的獎懲約束措施，針對一類由制造商、零售商構成的再制造閉環供應鏈系統，基于博弈論方法研究了新產品和再制造品存在定價差別時集中決策和分散決策模式下的定價策略，得出了閉環供應鏈成員的最優定價策略和利潤，并分析了政府約束措施對閉環供應鏈運作的影響。研究表明：集中決策下供應鏈效率高于Stackelberg博弈分散決策，為此設計了一個收益共享協調定價契約實現了閉環供應鏈的協調，進而分析了政府回收約束情況下再制造過程利潤超過制造過程的再制造優先條件。算例分析驗證了定價策略及協調機制的有效性。
  • 摘要：Mainly considering the premium and penalty mechanism of reverse supply chain under manufacturers ’ competition environment, using game theory, we build 5 models, which are centralized decision-making of reverse supply chain , the total profits decision-making based on the profits of reverse supply chain and the manu-facturer who does not collect waste products , decentralized decision-making with no premium and penalty mecha-nism, government ’ s premium and penalty mechanisms for the manufacturers and recyclers of reverse supply chain.The study presents several conclusions .Competition is beneficial to raising collection rate and the more intense the competition , the higher the collection rate;the retail price of new products offered by manufacturers actively recycling is lower , which brings about price-competitive advantage .The fourth and fifth scenarios play a part in increasing collection rate , and the greater premium and penalty , the higher collection rate , the lower retail price of new products .It is more efficient for the government to offer them premium mechanism rather than the premium and penalty mechanism , sine the former is valid for increasing both the manufacturer and the collec-tor’ s enthusiasm .The buyback price of the fourth scenario is higher than that of the fifth scenario .With premi-um and penalty mechanism the profit of manufacturer who collects waste products is higher than that of manufac -turer who does not collect waste products .The profit of manufacturer , who does not collect waste products , decreases with the increase of the degree of premium and penalty .%主要運用博弈論方法探討制造商競爭環境下的逆向供應鏈獎懲機制，建立了5個決策模型，分別是逆向供應鏈集中式決策、以逆向供應鏈和不回收再制造的制造商的總利潤為目標決策、逆向供應鏈分散式決策、政府對制造商實施獎懲機制以及政府對回收商實施獎懲機制下逆向供應鏈的決策模型。研究表明：競爭對回收率提高有益，競爭越激烈回收率越高；積極回收再制造的制造商的新產品零售價較低，具有價格競爭優勢；獎懲制造商和獎懲回收商均能起到提高回收率的作用，獎懲力度越大，回收率越高，新產品零售價越低；獎懲制造商比獎懲回收商更能調動制造商和回收商的積極性；獎懲制造商時的回購價高于獎懲回收商時的回購價；在實施獎懲機制時，回收再制造的制造商利潤高于不回收再制造的制造商的利潤；不回收再制造的制造商的利潤隨獎懲力度的增大而降低。
  • 摘要：Traffic blocking is a complicated event that is caused by mutiple factors including meteorological envir -omental , road alignment , vehicle status and traffic conditions .As there’s a deficiency of research on relevance among these factors , the prevention and control of traffic blocking events have been the difficult issue of road management , especially freeway management .To find out the potential rules and relevance among these factors , this paper proposes a traffic blocking analysis method based on multi-dimensional fuzzy association rules algo-rithm.In accordance with the need of freeway management, a multi-dimensional attribute model is defined to describe traffic blocking events , based on the relevant national division system and a large number of traffic bloc-king cases.Then a fuzzy traffic blocking association rules algorithm based on the FCM is set up to mine the potential rules.The practical application of the research proves that the algorithm can effectively support the prevention and management of traffic blocking and thus has bright prospects in traffic blocking analysis .%交通阻斷成因復雜，與氣象環境、道路線形、車輛狀態以及交通環境等多因素相關。由于缺乏對造成交通阻斷相關因素間潛在關聯的研究，交通阻斷管控一直是公路管理，特別是高速公路管理的難點。本文提出了一種基于多維模糊關聯規則的道路交通阻斷分析方法，發掘交通阻斷的潛在規律和各因素間的關聯關系。首先在國家現有相關劃分體系和大量交通阻斷（事件）案例的基礎上，根據道路管理實際需求，建立了交通阻斷多維屬性模型，然后利用基于FCM的模糊關聯規則，挖掘阻斷因素的多維屬性的依存關系，得到面向道路交通阻斷分析的多維模糊關聯規則。通過研究成果的實踐應用，證明關聯規則可以為道路交通阻斷預防和管理提供有效支持，在道路交通阻斷分析領域有著良好的應用前景。
  • 摘要：考慮了基于近似對沖跳躍風險的美式看跌期權定價問題。首先，運用近似對沖跳躍風險、廣義It?公式及無套利原理，得到了跳-擴散過程下的期權定價模型及期權價格所滿足的偏微分方程。然后建立了美式看跌期權定價模型的隱式差分近似格式，并且證明了該差分格式具有的相容性、適定性、穩定性和收斂性。最后，數值實驗表明，用本文方法為跳-擴散模型中的美式期權定價是可行的和有效的。%In this paper , the pricing for American put option is considered based on approximating hedge jump risk.Firstly, the options pricing model and the partial differential equation of the options pricing model are derived in the jump-diffusion process , by applying the generalized It?formula and no-arbitrage principle , based on approximating hedge jump risk .The approximate implicit difference scheme of American put option pricing model is developed , and consistency , well-posedness , stability and convergence of the difference scheme are also proved in this paper .Lastly, the numerical experiments show that this method is an effective and feasible way for pricing American options in jump-diffusion model .
  • 摘要：With the growth of economy , the demand of hazardous chemicals increases gradually .Both the govern-ment and enterprises focus on hazardous materials storage and transportation .In this paper , a multi-depot and multi-objective location-routing(LRP)model for hazardous materials logistics is developed .And a hybrid genetic algorithm(HGA)is designed to solve the model.Finally, the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm are illustrated by a numerical example , and compared with two-stage heuristic algorithm .The result shows that the solution gained by additionally considering transportation risk has the advantage over the solution achieved by only considering total system cost , in logistics risk , cost and human resources .And the proposed algorithm has good performance .%隨著經濟的增長，危險化學品需求呈日益增長的趨勢，其安全儲運問題已成為政府和企業關注的焦點。本文通過建立危險品物流中多配送中心、多目標定位-路徑問題優化模型，并設計混合遺傳算法對模型進行求解，最后通過算例驗證該模型和算法的可行性和有效性。結果表明：與只考慮系統總成本的結果相比，考慮運輸風險的結果能夠以較小的風險和成本、較少的人力資源配備實現危險品的儲運；所設計混合遺傳算法具有良好的性能。
  • 摘要：Based on the memory gradient methods for unconstrained optimization problems , we present a memory gradient method for multiobjective programming without constraints , and prove its convergence under Armijo line search.Numerical results show that the proposed method is efficient .%基于無約束單目標記憶梯度法，本文提出了一種無約束多目標優化問題的記憶梯度法，并證明了算法在Armijo線性搜索下的收斂性。數據試驗結果驗證了該算法的有效性。

    運籌與管理的期刊信息

    • 創刊時間：1992
    • 地區：CN
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      管理學;

    運籌與管理的獲獎情況

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    • ? 中國科學引文數據庫（2011-2012）
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    • ? 中文社會科學引文索引-擴展（2012-2013）
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    • ? 日本科學技術振興機構數據庫
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