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Long-wavelength VCSELs for applications in absorption spectroscopy: tuning rates and modulation performances

機譯：用于吸收光譜的長波長VCSEL：調諧速率和調制性能

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We used direct absorption spectroscopy for characterization of long-wavelength VCSELs (VERTILAS, Germany). Gas mixture CO:CO_2=1:1 (total pressure 0.1 - 0.5 bar) provided in the tuning ranges of lasers a multitude of absoiption lines spaced by intervals from 1 to 60 GHz that allowed the absolute calibration of laser scans. We measured tuning rates of the VCSELs in 0-50℃ temperature interval in dependence on injection current and modulation frequency varied from 0 up to 6.5 mA and 500 kHz respectively. The continuous tuning range of the 1577.5-nm VCSEL with single-mode output of up to 1.5 mW was found to be of 9.61 nm (38.62 cm~(-1)). The temperature tuning rates for all VCSELs under study were in the range between -0.4 and -0.5 cm~(-1)/℃. The current tuning rates, varied from laser to laser between -1.9 and -2.2 cm~(-1)/mA at low injection currents and modulation frequencies, were found to be twice as big for all lasers at high injection currents and decreased by factor 2 and 5 at modulation frequencies of 300 and 500 kHz respectively. A phase shift between the amplitude and frequency modulations was measured by fine tuning VCSEL with a DC injection current to display the end of a laser scan in respect to a local maximum in laser power. The phase shift changed from 0 to - 0.3 rad with modulation frequency raised from 500 Hz to 500 kHz. The results of phase shift measurements have been compared with those obtained recently for DFB lasers with different methods.
機譯：我們使用直接吸收光譜法來表征長波長VCSEL（德國VERTILAS）。在激光器的調諧范圍內提供的氣體混合物CO：CO_2 = 1：1（總壓力0.1-0.5 bar）有許多吸收線，它們之間的間隔為1至60 GHz，從而可以對激光掃描進行絕對校準。我們根據注入電流和調制頻率分別在0至6.5 mA和500 kHz范圍內測量了在0-50℃溫度范圍內VCSEL的調諧速率。發現單模輸出高達1.5 mW的1577.5 nm VCSEL的連續調諧范圍為9.61 nm（38.62 cm?（-1））。所有被研究的VCSEL的溫度調節速率在-0.4至-0.5 cm?（-1）/℃之間。在低注入電流和調制頻率下，激光器之間的電流調諧速率在-1.9至-2.2 cm?（-1）/ mA之間變化，發現在高注入電流下，所有激光器的電流調諧速率是所有激光器的兩倍，并且降低了兩倍2和5分別在300和500 kHz的調制頻率下。通過使用直流注入電流對VCSEL進行微調，可以測量振幅和頻率調制之間的相移，以顯示相對于激光功率局部最大值的激光掃描結束。相移從0變為-0.3 rad，調制頻率從500 Hz上升至500 kHz。相移測量的結果已經與最近使用不同方法對DFB激光器獲得的結果進行了比較。

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